Oncology and Cancer

The Ultimate goal of Cancer research is to save lives by developing safe and productive methods to prevent, detect, diagnose and treat the people suffering from cancer. Depending on the type of cancer in patients the treatment varies like surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. For some types of cancer Targeted therapies are also available.

A branch of medication specializes in the designation and treatment of cancer. It includes medical use of therapy, secretion medical aid, and alternative medication to treat cancer, radiation medicine use of radiotherapy to treat cancer, and surgical medicine use of surgery and alternative procedures to treat cancer.

Pediatrics cancers that occur between birth and 15 years of age. Childhood cancers are rare and may differ from adult cancers in the way they grow and spread, how they are treated, and how they respond to treatment. Childhood cancers comprise neuroblastoma (begins in certain nerve cells), leukaemia (begins in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow), lymphoma (begins in the cells of the immune system), retinoblastoma (begins in the tissues of the retina), Wilms tumour (a type of kidney cancer), and cancers of the brain, bone, and soft tissue.

Gynecologic cancer is a cancer that starts in a female’s reproductive organs. Five important types of cancer affect a female's reproductive organs are listed bin the sub-tracks. Fallopian tube cancer is the 6^th type of Gynecologic cancer which is rare comparing to the listed top 5 Gynecologic cancers. The signs and symptoms for each type of the gynecologic cancer is different and the risk is based on age factor. The early treatment of gynecologic cancer is considered to be more effective.

• Lung cancer case reports
• Central airway obstruction
• Advanced airway diagnostics
• Pleural effusion
• Treatment related side effects
• Lung cancer interventional pulmonology treatments
• Novel therapies in pulmonary oncology

The most common invasive cancer in women is Breast cancer. After lung cancer the most leading cancer to cause deaths is Breast cancer. Initially the tumour cells are formed in the glands of breast and then get developed in the tissues. There are even types in breast cancer that are listed below in sub tracks. Lumpectomy, Mastectomy, Sentinel node biopsy, Axillary lymph node dissection, Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy are the different types of surgeries performed to treat the breast cancers. Other types of treatments also were used to treat the breast cancer.

The out-of-control growth of cancer cells in the epidermis is known as the skin cancer.  In the outermost skin layer, skin cancer is caused by unrepaired DNA damage that triggers mutations. Thus, the skin cells are multiplied rapidly and form malignant tumours due to these mutations. At early stages, skin cancer can be treated by Mohs surgery. Untreated skin cancers may become more dangerous since it may be spread.

Lung carcinoma characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lungs. This can also spread to other body parts which are near to lung by the process called metastasis, Lung cancer most often occurs in the people who smoke. The survival rate in lung cancer is very low since the there is lack of early detection. In both males and females the most dangerous cancer is the lung cancer. It is estimated that every year about 2 Lakhs people are diagnosed & 150,000 people die.

The cancer that is occurring in the prostate gland which is in-between the penis and the bladder is known as the prostate cancer. It is the common cancer occurring in men and it can be treated in the early stages but there might be no symptoms shown in the early stages of prostate cancer. Localized, Regional and distant are the four stages in prostate cancer. This cancer can pass to other nearby parts in the body.

The most frequently occurring cancer that causes bone tumours is called multiple myeloma which is cancer of the blood. Leukaemia is another cancer that starts in the bone marrow. The food that we eat can also cause blood cancer. Blood is produced from bone marrow, thus blood cancer origin from bone marrow by the abnormal growth of cells in the blood forming cells.

The uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the brain is known as the brain cancer. It is observed in the survival rate in brain cancer that the survival percentage decreases with the age. Survival rate in Brain cancer also varies depending on the type of brain cancer. Glioblastoma multiform is the most dangerous type of brain cancer.

Wherever cells in a very specific part of the body and it grow to reproduce infinitely. The cells can enter to destroy about healthy tissues together with organs. There are differing types of cancer supported location of cancer within the body. A number of the organ cancers such as  carcinoma and epithelium, carcinoma, body part cancer, cancer of oesophagus, Cervical cancer, Endometrial cancer, Head and Neck cancers and cancers of unknown primary.

 

Cancers of unknown primary

Neuro-oncology is the investigation of mind and spinal line neoplasms, a significant number of which are exceptionally hazardous and perilous (astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiform, ependymal, glioma, and cerebrum stem tumour are among the numerous cases of these). Among the harmful mind diseases, gliomas of the brain stem and pons, glioblastoma multiform and high-review astrocytoma are among the most noticeable ones.

 

Cancer is a common disease, it almost every family will suffer from cancer. However, it does not mean that families have a hereditary predisposition to cancer.  Most of the cancer cases devise from the collective effect of hereditary along with external influences, like environmental and lifestyle aspects.

Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) hypothesizes the presence of a little populace of diseased cells with characteristic properties like protection from traditional radio-chemotherapy regiments and increased metastatic potential. Clinically, the forceful idea of CSCs has been appeared to connect with tumour repeat, metastatic spread, and generally very low patient result over various malignant growth subtypes. Separation of CSC’s has been achieved through the use of cell surface markers by the useful contrasts among CSCs and remaining tumour cells have been portrayed through expansion, separation, and constraining weakening measures.

 

The presence of cancer cell in the body is indicated by the substance called Cancer biomarker. It can either be a molecule which is secreted by the cancer cell or it can also be a specific response due to presence of cancer in the body. Cancer biomarkers are helpful in the diagnosis and other treatment process of cancer. Cancer biomarkers are used to differentiate normal and abnormal biological state in the host.

Chemotherapy is the treatment process to cancer which uses the specific drugs that are powerful to kill the fast-growing cells in the host. The most common and often used technique to treat the cancer is chemotherapy which may also causes the painful side-effects.

Radiosurgery uses the radiation and destruct the precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation. Radiosurgery is commonly used to treat cancer. There are different types of radiosurgery to treat the cancers in patients.

Cancer screening to detect before symptoms appear. This involve blood tests, urine tests, DNA tests other tests, or medical imaging. The benefits of screening terms of cancer prevention, early detection and subsequent treatment must be weighed against any harm. Since screening diseases find at an early stage, there may be a better chance of curing the disease. Examples of cancer screening tests are the mammogram for breast cancer, colonoscopy for colon cancer, and the Pap test and HPV tests for cervical cancer. Screening can also include a genetic test to check for a person’s risk of developing an inherited disease.

The diagnosis of cancer is done by Biopsy. A biopsy is a process to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from the body as a sample to analyse in the laboratory. Biopsy is done by using different types of imaging such as Ultrasound, Fluoroscopy, CT scan, X-ray scan or etc. Below listed sub-tracks are the different types of biopsy’s that are used.

Cancer nanotechnology is mainly focuses on the application of nanoparticles for cancer imagining and drug delivery and nanotechnology approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Targeting and delivering of the anticancer drugs to tumour tissues to reduce the systemic toxicities improved the use of cancer nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has been used to cure other diseases such as HIV, cardiovascular diseases and, etc.

Immunotherapy work for liver cancer, leukaemia, lung cancer and other type of cancers. The development of experimental approaches for the clinical treatment of cancer through research is the main focused aim of cancer pharmacology.

The oncology nurses has the role of meeting the various needs and caring the cancer patients and advocating them and their families. They focus more on how the cancer patient responds to the cancer and the treatment. The first line of communication for the cancer patients would be oncology nurse.

Radiation oncology is a controlled use of radiation to treat cancer either for cure, or to reduce pain and other symptoms caused by cancer. A radiation oncologist may likewise utilize radiation to treat some favourable illnesses, including kind tumours. In certain nations, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are constrained by a solitary oncologist who is a "clinical oncologist".

• Traditional massage
• Stone medical aid
• Myofacial unleash
• Soft-tissue manipulation with passive stretching
• Aromatherapy
• Effleurage massage
• Trigger purpose medical aid
• Acupressure
• Reflexology

Advance treatments of cancer include Surgery, Radiotherapy, Immunotherapy and other treatments. As of late, novel ideas have been developing to improve the conventional restorative alternatives in malignancies. New helpful methodologies including territories like energy digestion and extracellular vesicles alongside propels in immunotherapy and nanotechnology are driving the up and coming age of malignancy medicines.

Expanded growth needfulness enhances survival. The character of cancer mind it get hurt when impact of Social and Economic. Growth manifestation needfulness and malignancy survival square measure connected. The awareness Program is Malignancy semiconductor diode by government and various associations to amass the needfulness the overall population to diminish the wellness levels and towards all medicine programs. Crusades ought to focus on enhancing needfulness regarding tumour facet effects, significantly in financially denied regions.